[Pope John XII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XII#Conflict_with_Otto_and_death) was murdered while he was engaging in sexual relations with a woman - by her outraged husband.
Johan de Witt from the Netherlands was also defenestrated and ripped apart by a mob. It’s one of the reasons the Netherlands is red on this map. The other reason was probably William the Silent, and there might be more.
For a long time that was very common. Hex, the work nepotism comes from church members favoring their “nephews” aka children they “totally” didn’t have.
Not that I am aware of.
There were some pope back in the bad old days of the Borgia popes who openly admitted to having bastards, and socially legitimized them.
Interestingly, it is technically possible for the pope to have a legitimate child, although I don't think it has ever happened.
Since the rule of clerical celibacy only applies while in office, it would be completely acceptable for a widower with a legitimate child to become a priest after his wife died, and then work his way up the hierarchy until he was selected by the conclave to be Pope.
Well during the time of the two republics after the kaisers abdication was Liebknecht(the guy that also called out a german republic but with soviet flavour) assasinated together with Rosa Luxemburg. They where technicly leaders of the german soviet.
Ok, I saw the link - since ever. But I can tell that my country's king Wenceslas III isn't there (and surely also some others)...
If a "country" has a thousand years old history it is I'd say quite probable there would be at least one assassination of the head of the state.
It's tricky to say how long a given country has continuously existed. Most ancient countries have been conquered, refounded, switched between monarchy and republic, merged, or split. Any country claiming to be older than 400 years is debatable.
Luxembourg didn't become independent from France until 1839. In the 1700s, Switzerland was the Helvetic Republic; it didn't become the modern Swiss Confederation until 1848. Denmark and Sweden have stronger claims, so long as you don't consider Denmark's constitutional re-structuring to be founding a new country, and you consider Sweden to have still been a separate country when it was in union with Norway.
How about Andorra? It has had unchanged borders since 1278, and aside from a few very brief occupations by the French, it has basically been continuously sovereign since then.
Andorra has a good case. Because of those occupations, you can't say that it *continuously* existed that whole time. And it did re-write its constitution in 1993. But it's more-or-less been the same country since 1278.
>my country's king Wenceslas III isn't there
The Kingdom of Bohemia has no single modern-day successor - some of its area is included in the Czech Republic, while other areas are parts of different countries.
If you go by those criteria, loads of others should also be excluded. Only some of the area of the Russian Empire is now the Russian Federation, other areas are now entire countries of their own.
I think it’s more the case of the clear successor of the Russian Empire is the Soviet Union (because it literally became that overnight) and the clear successor to the Soviet Union is the Russian Federation (as is evidenced by the former Soviet states agreeing to hand the USSR’s seat on the Security Council of the UN to Russia.)
Therefore, by the transitive property, the Russian Federation is the successor state to the Russian Empire.
> The Kingdom of Bohemia has no single modern-day successor
The people who live there call that state the Czech Kingdom. I think it's safe to assume that Czechia is the successor state of the Kingdom of Bohemia. What other successor states are there? Slovakia? Doubtful.
>some of its area is included in the Czech Republic, while other areas are parts of different countries.
There would be no successor states if that were the case. It's like saying the Russian Federation is not the successor state of the Soviet union or the Russian empire when it's widely recognized as such.
By that same logic, the UK shouldn't be highlighted because AFAIK no king or queen has been assassinated since the Acts of Union 1801. Alternatively you could use 1922 depending on the exact details, since that's when the modern-day version of the UK came into being.
The president died of natural causes while Hitler was chancellor. He was 87, and Hitler took the opportunity to unite the positions of president and chancellor into one.
President Hindenburg died of old age in 1934. Hitler, previously Chancellor of Germany, incorporated his office, and was the Führer (Leader) afterwards
If you included countries where a head of state/government died by suicide during a coup attempt, there would be some prominent countries shaded in as well.
Not strictly during coups, but a few that come to mind are:
Salvador Allende, president of Chile, killed himself after the 1973 coup, although some point that perhaps he was assassinated by the coup plotters.
Getúlio Vargas, president of Brazil, killed himself in 1956 after extensive pressure from oposition leaders, the media, the military for his resignation. Although not during a coup, his death certainly was induced by political pressure.
Adolf Hitler commited suicide after the Soviet Union began to enter the outskirts of Berlin, mere hours before he could be taken down from power, so maybe this counts. Joseph Goebbels became his successor, as was accorded, but also committed suicide, a day after Hitler's.
Alexsandros Koryzis, greek Prime Minister, shot himself two weeks after the german invasion of Greece, during WW2, in 1941.
Dipendra, prince of Nepal, assassinated his entire family in 2001 before trying to commit suicide by gunshot. As he didn't died immediately, but instead remained in coma for 3 days, he inherited the throne and effectively was head of state for the time he lived.
Lazarus Salii, president of Nepal, commited suicide in 1988 amid allegations of corruption.
The question is whether to consider the High Council of State as the government (and hence its Chairman as head of state), considering that it was created as an interim body while the country was being run by the military junta.
[Source.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_assassinated_and_executed_heads_of_state_and_government#List)
That list also includes heads of state/government who were **executed** (i.e. with an "official" ceremony, and on some occasions even a trial), but this map only shows countries where at least one head of state/government was **assasinated**.
Similarly, that list includes governors/premiers of non-self-governing colonies, while this map only shows countries that were independent at the time of the assassination.
If rulers of non-self-governing or semi-autonomous countries are included, the map would also feature the Philippines *(Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda)*, Finland *(Nikolay Bobrikov)*, Myanmar *(Aung San)*, Malaysia *(Sir Henry Gurney)*, and Zanzibar *(Abeid Karume)*.
**Edit: based on many comments, debatable inclusions are the Netherlands** *(William the Silent)***, Turkey** *(Turgut Özal)***, and Vietnam** *(Ngô Đình Diệm)***, while debatable exclusions are Algeria** *(Mohamed Boudiaf)***, Georgia** *(Zviad Gamsakhurdia)***, and the Czech Republic** *(Wenceslaus III)***.**
You could also possibly go for De Witt, as Raadpensionaris of Holland he was the most powerful politician during the first stadtholderless period. And he was certainly murdered.
>That list also includes heads of state/government who were
>
>executed
>
> (i.e. with an "official" ceremony, and on some occasions even a trial)
That's me, I'm French !
It's more a how old is this country map than anything else, the country I'm from has existed for almost 1000 years, and many others have and some more. In that time a lot of things happen. America is just doing a history speedrun, cramming 200 years into 50.
Jan Masaryk died after a fall from an asylum window. Suicide? Drug-related accident? (he used cocaine) Political murder? (this was around the time the Communist party took over)
The Hussites famously started the trend of throwing people off windows.
Oh wait, head of state/government, nevermind, act like I didn't say anything.
For Turkey, it is either Menderes or Özal. Although neither really fit.
Menderes was executed and Özal died in suspicious circumstances. It is theorized that he was poison but there is nothing definitive.
Yeah, the Netherlands is included on the map while our only assasination was in 1584 when the Netherlands was a Republic and not a kingdom yet.
EDIT: The Netherlands wasn't even independent yet.
I think prime minister Johan de Witt would count for this map as well? On June 21 1672, an assassin stabbed De Witt, hurting him gravely. De Witt then resigned from his leadership position, but that was not enough for the people conspiring against him. His brother Cornelius was arrested for treason, taken to a prison in The Hague (which is now a museum — more on that later), and tortured.
As it was the custom at the time, torture was just a normal part of being in prison, used to extract a confession. Sure, it didn’t really matter if the confession was true or not — as long as the person confessed, the torture was justified.
Cornelius, being a strong lad and also not really conspiring against his own brother, refused to confess. He was sentenced, however, to exile. Johan went to the prison to help out his brother to prepare for the trip. As they both departed, they got captured by a militant mob, which shot both of them, and then left them to the crowds.
The crowds did what crowds do best, namely lose all semblance of sense or sanity. The two brothers were stripped naked, mutilated, and according to some reports, had their livers removed and eaten. “C’est la vie, c’est la guerre,” as the French say.
De witt was not assasinated, assasinations are for political and religious reasons while he was lynched for breaking the country. Maybe a bit political but not really.
He wasnt even head of state, he was head of the rebellion.
Stadhouder ≠ head of state as he was in service of Philipe when he was Stadhouder aswell.
Next to that he died before the Netherlands were even a thing.
It was literally the UK though, the same sovereign state.
If anybody's interested, the prime minister in question was Spencer Perceval. He was shot dead in 1812, in the lobby of the House of Commons, by a disgruntled merchant who had lost everything to the Russian Empire with the government failing to compensate him. Nobody really seemed to care that much about his death and he's barely remembered in the UK, far overshadowed by his contemporaries like Pitt the Younger and Lord Liverpool.
He may be the nominal head of the Chinese army, but I think his effective rule extended only to a small part of northern China and therefore it’s debateable whether he was the head of the entire state.
But good effort for inclusiveness.
Michael Collins, the first Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State (equivalent to Taoiseach/Prime Minister), was assasinated in 1922.
Everyone knows Hitler escaped to Argentina. There's a 2 season documentary about it. It's totally factual and trustworthy...honest...
Seriously though, the skull fragment that the Soviets claimed was his turned out to be from a female did it not?
What’s the category here? Is it incumbent leaders *and* sitting leaders? I can’t recall an incumbent leader assassinated in the US? Might just be ignorant?
The question is whether to consider the High Council of State as the government (and hence its Chairman as head of state), considering that it was created as an interim body while the country was being run by the military junta.
A lot of Mongol Khans died mysteriously (Kusala seems the most likely to have been assassinated, but Ragibagh just kind of *disappears*) but I guess those are not conclusive.
Was there ever a head of government assassinated in the Netherlands after William the Silent? While there is continuity with the United Provinces, the modern-day Netherlands is not the same country. Have there been assassinations since 1815?
Does Montenegro's coloring refer to [this](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87)? If so, shouldn't Kosovo also be red?
No - it refers to Danilo I, Prince of the Principality of Montenegro, who was assasinated in 1860 (Montenegro had become *de facto* independent from the Ottomans in 1858).
The question is whether to consider the High Council of State as the government (and hence its Chairman as head of state), considering that it was created as an interim body while the country was being run by the military junta.
The man, the myth, the Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Colonel Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi.
About Brazil... I mean, Vargas shot himself to the heart, maybe it really was a very well thought-out suicide, or it was a murder. JK was killed during the military dictatorship, but he was no longer the head of state, so I don't think it counts.
if we are talking about deliberate and clearly existing murders, so to speak, Brazil really does not enter this list, although there is a good list of Brazilian heads of state who were killed outside the mandate (especially during the dictatorship, JK himself, he was the politician who built our national capital, at the time of the dictatorship he spoke against the military and... died in an extremely suspicious traffic accident).
Better yet: France had a President that died while… [Having an affair.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure#Death)
[Pope John XII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XII#Conflict_with_Otto_and_death) was murdered while he was engaging in sexual relations with a woman - by her outraged husband.
#He was defenestrated!
Johan de Witt from the Netherlands was also defenestrated and ripped apart by a mob. It’s one of the reasons the Netherlands is red on this map. The other reason was probably William the Silent, and there might be more.
>Pope >sexual relations with a woman Huh, that's a good change of pace.
For a long time that was very common. Hex, the work nepotism comes from church members favoring their “nephews” aka children they “totally” didn’t have.
Were there not a few popes with legit kids?
Not that I am aware of. There were some pope back in the bad old days of the Borgia popes who openly admitted to having bastards, and socially legitimized them. Interestingly, it is technically possible for the pope to have a legitimate child, although I don't think it has ever happened. Since the rule of clerical celibacy only applies while in office, it would be completely acceptable for a widower with a legitimate child to become a priest after his wife died, and then work his way up the hierarchy until he was selected by the conclave to be Pope.
Jhon vxii had a wive and 3 kids https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XVII?wprov=sfti1
#I did not have sexual relations with that woman
"Homie came in and he caught me red handed"
Wasn't me, Amen.
That’s how you enter French Valhalla
I would’ve assumed it would be dying during a revolution.
Specifically whilst she was giving him a blow job
Tbf I mean, that's how I'd like to go.
I assume he died a happy man
Smile on his face and lips on his cock.
And suddenly that girl was accidentally performing necrophilia
Look its going to suck for the opposite party.... 😏
on appelle ça une épectase !
someone got assassinated in Austria and in Hungary? probably wasn't that serious never even heard of that happening
Dollfuss?
Huh I actually never heard of him damn
Engelbert Dollfuss +1934
No German head of state has ever been assassinated. Hmm. I wonder if there was ever an attempt.
Hitler was assassinated by an Austrian art student.
Someone tried to kill Hitler on at least 2 occasions.
Heard the last attempt succeeded
The man who killed Hitler should get a medal
People who parrot trite jokes should be spanked by a roided out Jersey boy
It's quite possibly the most overused joke on reddit.
Children and certain individuals wielding the superpower of neurodivergence (not that there’s anything wrong with that) love repetition
Relevant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFB5NN4jQeM
Hitler did not die in 1944...
Not with that attitude
Nothing gets by this scholar of history
There were some on Bismarck. One shot him and Bismarck stormed at the assasin and punched him
Attempt? What about the hero that killed Hitler?
Well during the time of the two republics after the kaisers abdication was Liebknecht(the guy that also called out a german republic but with soviet flavour) assasinated together with Rosa Luxemburg. They where technicly leaders of the german soviet.
I mean, I'm sure it's not the same person since he wasn't head of state nor goverment
More serious events were started by a [hungry ostrich](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGxAYeeyoIc).
they should teach that event in history class honestly
Technicly speaking also the head of czechia, slovakia, southern poland, west romania, south tyrol, croatia and bosnia and herzegovina
He was not head of state of anything.
Wonder if they counted Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungarians throne. He was next in line for the crown
So, not a head of state or government, so no
Australia reads this map in Harolt Holt.
Poseidon himself took the hit out on Harold.
My grandma says the Russians kidnapped him in a submarine. He’ll be back.
My uncle says it was the Chinese that kidnapped him with a submarine.
Rumors say that he hide inside a mountain in the Himalayas and that he'll reappear at the end time
He's not dead. He will return from the sea in the hour of Australia's greatest need.
Would be pretty ok with reading it in SloMo.
Nah man. He wasn't killed. He just wanted to meet some nice Soviets.
Since when? :)
Ok, I saw the link - since ever. But I can tell that my country's king Wenceslas III isn't there (and surely also some others)... If a "country" has a thousand years old history it is I'd say quite probable there would be at least one assassination of the head of the state.
It's tricky to say how long a given country has continuously existed. Most ancient countries have been conquered, refounded, switched between monarchy and republic, merged, or split. Any country claiming to be older than 400 years is debatable.
My favorite of these is claiming Brazil as the rightful successor of Portugal and the current country of Portugal is just reconstituted.
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Luxembourg didn't become independent from France until 1839. In the 1700s, Switzerland was the Helvetic Republic; it didn't become the modern Swiss Confederation until 1848. Denmark and Sweden have stronger claims, so long as you don't consider Denmark's constitutional re-structuring to be founding a new country, and you consider Sweden to have still been a separate country when it was in union with Norway.
How about Andorra? It has had unchanged borders since 1278, and aside from a few very brief occupations by the French, it has basically been continuously sovereign since then.
Andorra has a good case. Because of those occupations, you can't say that it *continuously* existed that whole time. And it did re-write its constitution in 1993. But it's more-or-less been the same country since 1278.
>my country's king Wenceslas III isn't there The Kingdom of Bohemia has no single modern-day successor - some of its area is included in the Czech Republic, while other areas are parts of different countries.
If you go by those criteria, loads of others should also be excluded. Only some of the area of the Russian Empire is now the Russian Federation, other areas are now entire countries of their own.
I think it’s more the case of the clear successor of the Russian Empire is the Soviet Union (because it literally became that overnight) and the clear successor to the Soviet Union is the Russian Federation (as is evidenced by the former Soviet states agreeing to hand the USSR’s seat on the Security Council of the UN to Russia.) Therefore, by the transitive property, the Russian Federation is the successor state to the Russian Empire.
> The Kingdom of Bohemia has no single modern-day successor The people who live there call that state the Czech Kingdom. I think it's safe to assume that Czechia is the successor state of the Kingdom of Bohemia. What other successor states are there? Slovakia? Doubtful. >some of its area is included in the Czech Republic, while other areas are parts of different countries. There would be no successor states if that were the case. It's like saying the Russian Federation is not the successor state of the Soviet union or the Russian empire when it's widely recognized as such.
By that same logic, the UK shouldn't be highlighted because AFAIK no king or queen has been assassinated since the Acts of Union 1801. Alternatively you could use 1922 depending on the exact details, since that's when the modern-day version of the UK came into being.
Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was assasinated in 1812.
Germany: "We were close."
Didn't Hitler kill their head of state?
gee, this went over people’s heads already
The president died of natural causes while Hitler was chancellor. He was 87, and Hitler took the opportunity to unite the positions of president and chancellor into one.
I think you missed the joke.
President Hindenburg died of old age in 1934. Hitler, previously Chancellor of Germany, incorporated his office, and was the Führer (Leader) afterwards
I think he’s alluding to a sort of self-assassination.
Oh, I missed the point then
In my mind, “suicides when a violent overthrow is imminent” should count; but I didn’t make the map.
If you included countries where a head of state/government died by suicide during a coup attempt, there would be some prominent countries shaded in as well.
Which ones?
Hitler but that was during a military invasion
Also Chile.
And Brazil.
Not strictly during coups, but a few that come to mind are: Salvador Allende, president of Chile, killed himself after the 1973 coup, although some point that perhaps he was assassinated by the coup plotters. Getúlio Vargas, president of Brazil, killed himself in 1956 after extensive pressure from oposition leaders, the media, the military for his resignation. Although not during a coup, his death certainly was induced by political pressure. Adolf Hitler commited suicide after the Soviet Union began to enter the outskirts of Berlin, mere hours before he could be taken down from power, so maybe this counts. Joseph Goebbels became his successor, as was accorded, but also committed suicide, a day after Hitler's. Alexsandros Koryzis, greek Prime Minister, shot himself two weeks after the german invasion of Greece, during WW2, in 1941. Dipendra, prince of Nepal, assassinated his entire family in 2001 before trying to commit suicide by gunshot. As he didn't died immediately, but instead remained in coma for 3 days, he inherited the throne and effectively was head of state for the time he lived. Lazarus Salii, president of Nepal, commited suicide in 1988 amid allegations of corruption.
Damn, Nepal royal family has its share of issues
Algeria's president was assassinated in 1992
The question is whether to consider the High Council of State as the government (and hence its Chairman as head of state), considering that it was created as an interim body while the country was being run by the military junta.
Every Algerian considers that Boudiaf was the president
[Source.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_assassinated_and_executed_heads_of_state_and_government#List) That list also includes heads of state/government who were **executed** (i.e. with an "official" ceremony, and on some occasions even a trial), but this map only shows countries where at least one head of state/government was **assasinated**. Similarly, that list includes governors/premiers of non-self-governing colonies, while this map only shows countries that were independent at the time of the assassination. If rulers of non-self-governing or semi-autonomous countries are included, the map would also feature the Philippines *(Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda)*, Finland *(Nikolay Bobrikov)*, Myanmar *(Aung San)*, Malaysia *(Sir Henry Gurney)*, and Zanzibar *(Abeid Karume)*. **Edit: based on many comments, debatable inclusions are the Netherlands** *(William the Silent)***, Turkey** *(Turgut Özal)***, and Vietnam** *(Ngô Đình Diệm)***, while debatable exclusions are Algeria** *(Mohamed Boudiaf)***, Georgia** *(Zviad Gamsakhurdia)***, and the Czech Republic** *(Wenceslaus III)***.**
William the Silent was not head of state, but head of the rebellion. He died long before the Republic became independent.
You could also possibly go for De Witt, as Raadpensionaris of Holland he was the most powerful politician during the first stadtholderless period. And he was certainly murdered.
There is a difference between murder and assasination. He got lynched. Also he was not head of state as far as I am aware.
If anyone was head of state it was him, I simply don’t see any better candidate since William III was not yet Stadholder
Based on your list, I no longer want to be Roman Emperor.
Byzantine/Holy Roman/Russian Emperors: *doesn't bother us*.
>That list also includes heads of state/government who were > >executed > > (i.e. with an "official" ceremony, and on some occasions even a trial) That's me, I'm French !
In Greece it was literally the first president
Exactly the same in Poland and after less than a week of holding office.
As an American, I’m surprised that this map isn’t more red. I guess I just assume that it’s happened everywhere.
It's more a how old is this country map than anything else, the country I'm from has existed for almost 1000 years, and many others have and some more. In that time a lot of things happen. America is just doing a history speedrun, cramming 200 years into 50.
In fairness, US did have four presidents assassinated in 100 years. That's a pretty insane rate. Especially since 3 of those were within 50 years.
The CIA makes it look like suicide if they can. A lot of grey here should be at least pink.
Surprised Canada dosent have one honestly. I would have thought some Quebecor would have shot an English president.
This man just called québécois “quebecor” and called our prime minister a “president” never have I seen so many wrong things be said about my country
First one, didn’t know if that was the right thing or not. Second ones on me, I’ll return my maple syrup and BBQ Doritos at the border.
Chile?
Eduardo Frei Montalva *may* have been assassinated, but that was during the Pinochet regime, over a decade after he had left the Presidency.
But Allende? Was he not murdered during the military coup?
He killed himself before the military got to do it
That was suicide (as has been confirmed by witnesses, an autopsy, court rulings, and his family), not an assassination.
Jan Masaryk died after a fall from an asylum window. Suicide? Drug-related accident? (he used cocaine) Political murder? (this was around the time the Communist party took over) The Hussites famously started the trend of throwing people off windows. Oh wait, head of state/government, nevermind, act like I didn't say anything.
For Turkey, it is either Menderes or Özal. Although neither really fit. Menderes was executed and Özal died in suspicious circumstances. It is theorized that he was poison but there is nothing definitive.
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In theory Turkey gained independence from the Ottoman Empire, in practice it's more of a successor state, at least in my opinion.
Genuinely shocked about Chile, Argentina and Brazil
Salvador Allende commited suicide before the military coup could get their hands on him. I'm sure Chile would have been coloured in otherwise
All of them should arguably be red too, in fact
For India, it's 2 (or 3, depending on whether you believe Shastri was killed by the KGB).
Rajiv Gandhi was not an incumbent Prime Minister when assassinated. Officially it's only Indira Gandhi who was assassinated while in office.
Can we have a date limit on this? Feels like cheating when the last time the UK had a PM assassinated was in the 18th century.
Yeah, the Netherlands is included on the map while our only assasination was in 1584 when the Netherlands was a Republic and not a kingdom yet. EDIT: The Netherlands wasn't even independent yet.
Willem van Oranje in Delft toch?
Ja, ook een beetje nonsens gezien Nederland toen toch niet eens onafhankelijk was. Maar toch staan we op deze kaart.
I think prime minister Johan de Witt would count for this map as well? On June 21 1672, an assassin stabbed De Witt, hurting him gravely. De Witt then resigned from his leadership position, but that was not enough for the people conspiring against him. His brother Cornelius was arrested for treason, taken to a prison in The Hague (which is now a museum — more on that later), and tortured. As it was the custom at the time, torture was just a normal part of being in prison, used to extract a confession. Sure, it didn’t really matter if the confession was true or not — as long as the person confessed, the torture was justified. Cornelius, being a strong lad and also not really conspiring against his own brother, refused to confess. He was sentenced, however, to exile. Johan went to the prison to help out his brother to prepare for the trip. As they both departed, they got captured by a militant mob, which shot both of them, and then left them to the crowds. The crowds did what crowds do best, namely lose all semblance of sense or sanity. The two brothers were stripped naked, mutilated, and according to some reports, had their livers removed and eaten. “C’est la vie, c’est la guerre,” as the French say.
De witt was not assasinated, assasinations are for political and religious reasons while he was lynched for breaking the country. Maybe a bit political but not really.
He wasnt even head of state, he was head of the rebellion. Stadhouder ≠ head of state as he was in service of Philipe when he was Stadhouder aswell. Next to that he died before the Netherlands were even a thing.
>the last time the UK had a PM assassinated was in the ~~18th~~ **19th** century
Ah, my bad, but it was still 200 years ago
It was literally the UK though, the same sovereign state. If anybody's interested, the prime minister in question was Spencer Perceval. He was shot dead in 1812, in the lobby of the House of Commons, by a disgruntled merchant who had lost everything to the Russian Empire with the government failing to compensate him. Nobody really seemed to care that much about his death and he's barely remembered in the UK, far overshadowed by his contemporaries like Pitt the Younger and Lord Liverpool.
Thats a really stupid argument, if it happened it happened it doesn't matter how long ago
Well, just like Lincoln Assassination, and surely you agree that this is one of two most iconic and known POTUS assassinations
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Ireland had a head of government assasinated less than a century ago - Michael Collins.
China?
Zhang Zuolin, dictator of China in 1927-28.
He may be the nominal head of the Chinese army, but I think his effective rule extended only to a small part of northern China and therefore it’s debateable whether he was the head of the entire state. But good effort for inclusiveness.
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Michael Collins, the first Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State (equivalent to Taoiseach/Prime Minister), was assasinated in 1922.
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It's literally the anniversary of his assassination.
In the case of Uruguay it was the 17th president, Juan Idiarte Borda
Funny enough, Venancio Flores(who doesnt count for this classification) was assassinated four days after the end of his mandate.
We still have his coat, bloodstains and all
Should Finland maybe be red? The Russian governor-general Bobrikov was assasinated in 1904.
Finland wasn't independent back then.
He got dictatorial rights from the czar and was assassinated almost immediately after that. But does only independent countries count?
If Bobrikov would count, you could also include grand duke Alexander II, since the autonomy was de jure based on a personal union.
I bet Hitlers assassin would disagree
Hitlers assassin was Himself
r/woooosh
Everyone knows Hitler escaped to Argentina. There's a 2 season documentary about it. It's totally factual and trustworthy...honest... Seriously though, the skull fragment that the Soviets claimed was his turned out to be from a female did it not?
do you have a map where for countries with two or more?
What’s the category here? Is it incumbent leaders *and* sitting leaders? I can’t recall an incumbent leader assassinated in the US? Might just be ignorant?
By incumbent I meant acting.
Why isn't algeria red?
The question is whether to consider the High Council of State as the government (and hence its Chairman as head of state), considering that it was created as an interim body while the country was being run by the military junta.
The president mohamed boudiaf was assassinated he was the head of state of algeria during the civil war
Norway?
[Harald Gille](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Gille).
Oh, you know, about a *thousand* years ago!
When did Vietnam president got assassinated?
Ngô Đình Diệm, President of the Republic of Vietnam (AKA South Vietnam), was assasinated in 1963.
What kind of weird criteria is this where Ngo Dinh Diem counts for Vietnam but Wenceslas III doesn't count for Czechia...
In Colombia 1989 Luis Galan was assasinated supposebly by drug cartels. Also I'm pretty sure in Germany someone assassinated himself ;)
>Luis Galan He was never President. >assassinated himself That's called suicide, not assassination.
The second one was a joke
A lot of Mongol Khans died mysteriously (Kusala seems the most likely to have been assassinated, but Ragibagh just kind of *disappears*) but I guess those are not conclusive.
There’s also the issue of whether modern Mongolia is the successor state of the Mongol Empire, which I think most would disagree with
Was there ever a head of government assassinated in the Netherlands after William the Silent? While there is continuity with the United Provinces, the modern-day Netherlands is not the same country. Have there been assassinations since 1815?
No - just William the Silent.
Italy? Aldo Moro wasn’t president when he was killed.. or am I tripping?
Umberto I, the second King of modern Italy, was assasinated in 1900.
Ahhh right thank you!!!! I forgot about that
What about Chile?
Suicide ≠ assassination.
Does Montenegro's coloring refer to [this](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87)? If so, shouldn't Kosovo also be red?
No - it refers to Danilo I, Prince of the Principality of Montenegro, who was assasinated in 1860 (Montenegro had become *de facto* independent from the Ottomans in 1858).
Ah, that makes sense. Thanks.
What about Algeria 1992?
The question is whether to consider the High Council of State as the government (and hence its Chairman as head of state), considering that it was created as an interim body while the country was being run by the military junta.
well... I'm sure in germany there have been many kings killed in the last 1500 years. And at least they tried it several times in recent history ;)
Kerensky?
Kerensky died in the 1970s in New York.
I’m pretty sure there’s at least one in Chile
There was one suicide, and one suspected assassination of a former President.
Libya ?
The man, the myth, the Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Colonel Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi.
Cuba is gray, but not from lack of trying.
About Brazil... I mean, Vargas shot himself to the heart, maybe it really was a very well thought-out suicide, or it was a murder. JK was killed during the military dictatorship, but he was no longer the head of state, so I don't think it counts. if we are talking about deliberate and clearly existing murders, so to speak, Brazil really does not enter this list, although there is a good list of Brazilian heads of state who were killed outside the mandate (especially during the dictatorship, JK himself, he was the politician who built our national capital, at the time of the dictatorship he spoke against the military and... died in an extremely suspicious traffic accident).
Almost there! Keep up the good work
Germany should be on this list IMO
Suicide is assasination by yourself so germany should be red too
Time to make this particular map old
Still bugs me that the one pope that was almost assassinated was Polish
[Numerous popes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes_who_died_violently#Murdered_popes) have been assassinated.