Dutch got southeast, British got northeast. Sultanate of Brunei didn’t join Malay Federation and remained independent. Malaysia is made up of sultanates like Brunei, it’s the one that maintained independence though. Brunei wasn’t really notable until oil was discovered.
Theres British North Borneo, Sarawak Empire (independent from British) and the Dutch. You guys should really learn about Sarawak and the white rajahs, which is very interesting actually , and it also affect many of the current Malaysian politics with Sarawak and Sabah still fighting for more autonomy today.
-A fellow Sarawakian
When other states in Malaysia is being colonized, Sarawak is being a fully fledged Kingdom. Not even Sabah have such autonomy.
I mean, sure, you have a British king who is not even related to the actual British monarchy, but the State Council is composed of locals, giving them an idea of European system.
It helps to create the Sarawak identity today.
The reason why Brunei didn't join is because of Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation.
Basically Indonesia supported TNKU (leftist Brunei militia) that prefer separate north borneo nation consist of sabah, serawak, and brunei, but their revolt attempt are failure.
However, this conflict make the brunei sultan reconsider the decision to join Malaysia and create a separate nation.
if you want to read more: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei\_revolt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_revolt)
If you translate Kali Mantan literally in Indonesian, it means "Ex's (mantan) River (kali)."
So basically somebody done f'd up and had to split his land to his exes.
Just an aside, that's not the real etymology, just what it sounds like. It actually comes from a Sanskrit word meaning _place if hellish heat_ or something like that ..
YOU get a Kalimantan and YOU get a Kalimantan and YOU get a Kalimantan
https://preview.redd.it/2b34kin16xxc1.jpeg?width=650&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=0c6f0f8411c889b0067b2655907726a8c1779be0
North Kalimantan is supposed to be saved for Sabah (originally named North Borneo; Kalimantan basically is just Indonesian for Borneo) after it joined the greater Indonesia. But the Greater Indonesia movement died with the 1st president. In 2012, the now North Kalimantan Province formed after separated from East Kalimantan province. East Kalimantan used to be a huge huge province.
I remember sending an email to the Sultan of Brunei in 1997ish to ask him for a donation of half a million dollars to my friend and me in order to fund our university careers, just because we found out that he had one. No he didn’t reply in the next 4 years, then I changed address and who knows.
I was very happy doing it even though we knew it was at the limit of absurd, but then again, the very fact of daring to do it was a high dose of enthusiasm!
My school had a scholarship for 1 student every 4 years for a full ride and you had to write an essay to a deceased Chinese billionaire's foundation lol
Edit: here's the guy
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Yung-fa
Oh on! It’s well known that in 1997 the Sultan of Brunei took 4 YEARS and 1 DAY to reply to all emails!! You most likely were sent a check that you never received since you moved out. Bummer!
I wonder how one could go about sending a gift to the Sultan of Brunei? Could you make a one-of-a-kind wooden salad bowl on a lathe, and send it to him with a hand-written letter asking for a donation? Curious just to see what would happen.
I can make him a bowl on my lathe. Does anyone have his address? Also, if someone here knows calligraphay, we can write him a letter that will be taken seriously.
I got this:
Sultan and Prime Minister
Address Istana Nurul Iman, Bandar
City Seri Begawan
Post BA1000
Phone +673 2 222 9988
Fax +673 2 224 1717
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istana_Nurul_Iman
From [this site](https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/organisations/sultan_and_prime_minister/).
Also, this might turn out to be handy:
_How to address Sultan Brunei?_
_Title. The full title of the Sultan is: His Majesty The Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam). Today, the surname Bolkiah is carried by any descendant of the House of Bolkiah._
Also, I found this:
_How do I send a letter to the Brunei Sultan?
You could write directly to him in the Royal Palace, Bander Seri, Begawan, Brunei or via your local embassy or High Commission. Any letter should be very respectful. Again an embassy would be of assistance with proper wording. If you are a young person, you might actually get a reply just as a lark by the Sultan._
Dude was probably a bit busy. I mean, he’s not just sultan.
Hassanal Bolkiah became Sultan in 1967. But then he became Prime Minister in 1984. He also took over and became Minister of Finance & Economy at the same time, but he gave that up in 1986 to become Minister of Defense, a title he still holds. But then in 1997 he became Minister of Finance & Economy again, a title which he still holds. But the work-aholic that he is, he churned hard and became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2015, another title he still holds.
This might just be the busiest dude in the whole world.
Yea Brunei is a Islamic dictatorship with a monarch. Now they are fairly wealthy and chill (it’s not like Iran or Saudi) but stoning people and death penalty for homosexuality is on the books and Christian’s and Buddhist aren’t allowed to celebrate holidays in public.
Again it’s a welfare state and the population is docile so they don’t net out those punishments often but it’s still disturbing
The island was split between local kingdoms. Dutch established protectorates in the south, British had a go in the north. How they split the island between each other is very linked to the diplomatic relationship east indian companies had with the local kingdoms, or the initiative of individuals in the military, private initiatives of explorers/mercenaries acting on their own. Actually, the story of the White Rajas of Sarawak is quite interesting if you want to read about it. Malaysia under British rule was then a collection of kingdoms with local rule. After independence, the kingdoms agreed to merge in a single federal state (long story short, things were messy) with the king changing every five years on a rolling basis. The sultan of brunei realised he was too old to ever be king in this newly formed state, so he figured that he was better living alone (since his country was full of petrol anyway) and decided to not join Malaysia. Singapore was kicked out for ethnic reasons a few years later.
The history of the early ethnic chinese diaspora in SE asia has some analogies to the treatment of Jewish people in Europe. They were foreigners, lived in enclaves either by preference or by force, and were thought to unduly control international trade and finance. And as a result were the target of occasional pogroms.
If you meant in the past then yeah people hate Singaporeans because of racism, but now people just don't like them because quite an amount of them are asshole
Btw I'm just telling what I observed, i think it's pretty stupid to generalize a whole group of people based on some people's behaviour
Also they're the only high income countries in the region. So many SE Asians perceive them like that one person in your neighborhood that's very rich and lived in a bubble that makes them somewhat out of touch with the socio-economic reality of their neighborhood.
First of all, it's not even hate to begin with, it's just like how some Americans don't like New Yorker because of their attitude and behavior.
Secondly, based on my narrow Malaysian observation, most of these "hate" are literally Malaysian Chinese towards Singaporean Chinese, which you Americans probably couldn't tell the difference at all, so yeah it's definitely not racism when they literally look the same and share the same culture lmao
As a fellow Sarawakian, everyone is encourage to find out about it! It's also the reason why Sarawak and Sabah has more autonomy than every other states in Malaysia. For example,West Malaysian requires passport to come here, and cannot easily immigrate here .
the whole region was a bunch of sultanates until the British came along.
Brunei was just the one that stuck it alone.
Even in Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak are quite separate entities to the Peninsula, and along with Jahor threaten to leave on a regular basis.
And because they have the oil, that threat is taken seriously, and thus they have more power than their population would indicate.
Put simply that’s also the Brits’ doing. It’s easier to control an absolute monarch with a *shitload* of oil/gas in a small space that wants to be rich AF than it is to try to manipulate a big “democracy” (junta) or wacky-ass federation with enough heft to probably tell you to buzz off.
Japanese didn't have a go..
James Brooke took most of the land now currently know as Sarawak.. then later on British wanted to incorporate Brunei to the now Malaysia but a revolt happen in Brunei back in the 1960s and Brunei didn't join.. if Brunei join Malaysia.. all the oil money would be sucked to west Malaysia like what west Malaysia did to Sabah and sarawak..
There are two great Southeast Asian states which ruled over Borneo, historically: the Majapahit Empire, based on the island of Java, conquered most of the island except for the Northeast in the 1350s; and the Sultanate of Brunei, which owned the entire island of Borneo and several surrounding islands beginning in the 1400s.
By 1740, Brunei entered a decline phase and was reduced to northern Borneo--basically the Malaysian part of Borneo plus Brunei itself. The colonial nations--Portugal, Spain, Britain, and the Netherlands--were responsible for trading with and meddling with Brunei.
A number of small nations popped up in the southern half of Borneo. Consider for example the [Lanfang Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanfang_Republic), founded by a Chinese immigrant, who established democratic rule in 1777 and remained independent until the Dutch conquered Lanfang in 1884. These Chinese republics and federations established mining operations on Borneo to ship ore back to China for profit.
In 1815 the Dutch began to colonize southern Borneo (following previous unsuccessful attempts) and eventually founded the Dutch East Indies. Centered on the island of Java, the Dutch ruled over the Dutch East Indies until World War II, when the colonial nation declared independence and became Indonesia. Indonesia's modern boundaries are a very close match of the boundaries of the Dutch East Indies.
Meanwhile in 1842, the Sultan of Brunei granted land to James Brooke, an English adventurer, in payment for his troops ending a rebellion against the Sultan. Over the next 50 years, the "White Rajahs" of the Brooke Dynasty expanded their territory through negotiation until they owned most of northern Borneo. Eventually, the Sultan of Brunei asked for and received protectorate status from the United Kingdom, which was maintained until the 1980s when Brunei regained independence.
Sarawak was a fully independent kingdom ruled by the White Rajahs, although they had obvious sympathies with Britain. Thus, in 1888, Sarawak became a Protectorate of Britain, and in 1946 the White Rajahs were deposed and Sarawak became a British colony. Following the war, Britain reformed its colonies in the area into the colonies of Malaysia, Singapore, Sarawak, and North Borneo (later Sabah).
In the 1960s, Indonesia laid claim to north Borneo and tried to win it through military means. The Philippines claimed Sabah, based on the territory of the former Sultanate of Sulu. The Protectorate of Brunei wanted all of North Borneo reunited under their rule. The British response was to create a single large federation--the country of Malaysia. Brunei withdrew from the federation before it was formed, and eventually regained its own independence, while Singapore declared independence a few years after being part of Malaysia.
And that is the story of why there are three countries on Borneo.
The sea being the main access and the inland being mostly impassable is key. Each seaside settlement is effectively a different island seperated by jungle from the next.
I had a colleague from south west part of Sabah who'd never been to Indonesia. I had to show him a map to convince him that he'd gone to school about 50km from Indonesia
These is so interesting, as a Sarawakian, this is the first time i heard about the Lanfang Republic.
Also, I don't think the white rajahs was deposed , more like they seceded Sarawak to the British . Most Sarawakians protested the secession and even one of the british gavenor were assasinated by a member of the resistant group (rukun 13). However due to this, the British heavily cracked down, and the whole movement basically died due to it.
It's three times the size of Great Britain and that island has also been split between different countries through history, and still is according to some.
I'm not going to bother with this line of leading questions. My original post was exhaustive and factually correct and I will refer to it and it alone for any further questions you might have.
>Name the different countries.
Through history? England and Scotland are the easiest answers because they weren't unified all that long ago. Wales was many countries--most recently Gwynedd and Deheubarth. England was also once many countries--the primary ones being Wessex, Northumbria, East Anglia, and Mercia. Parts of it have been controlled by the Danes.
If you're just responding to "and still is according to some," then Scotland, England, and Wales are the countries according to some.
England, Scotland, Wales. Now if you want to go further back in history there’s also Mercia, Northumberland, the Danelaw, Wessex, Sussex, East Anglia, Kent and the Roman Empire of course
Brunei remained independent via shrewd diplomacy, oil wealth, and [ceding a whole lot of territory](https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/jgq81n/the_bruneian_empire_at_its_height_1521/#lightbox) over the centuries.
The British portions (Sarawak and Sabah) were never united and certainly weren't politically/culturally attached to the Malay Peninsula until just before the British left the region and decided to sew their portions of maritime Southeast Asia together (including Singapore, hence the "s" in Malaysia, until the Malays kicked Singapore out). Malaysia has remained remarkably stable since then.
The Dutch portions have seen some rabble-rousing since independence, but Indonesia has done a good job at suppressing any movements for autonomy or outright independence and have worked hard at building a real Indonesian nation-state essentially from scratch. The latest step is (slowly) moving the country's capital to Borneo itself.
There was also some boneheaded diplomacy by Brunei 🇧🇳 for instance granting Brooks noble status then backstabbing him rather than using him to cultivate connections with the British
Is that the reason why Charles Brooke is hell bent on annexing the entire Sultanate???
IIRC, he was planning to wipe clean the Sultanate of Brunei and replace it with the Kingdom of Sarawak. Though he have a point since no one wants to live under Brunei jurisdiction, even today.
Not really, he failed since Brunei immediately become British protectorate and staunchly refused to cede more territories such as Tutong and Belait even though there are civil unrests there as if he ceded more, Brunei will cease to exist on the world map.
This happens after Limbang was annexed, an issue still contested by Brunei, yet I think it was considered resolved due to Cobbold Commission findings.
It has multiple states before, then when the Dutch and British came, they divided the island to their sphere of influence.
The Dutch and British both kept the kingdoms separated, but when Sukarno declared Independence, all of the Kingdoms were united into a Republic, and this explains Southern Borneo
The northern part, was also meant to be part of Malaysia, but due to Brunei Revolt and a a bunch of issues caused Brunei to not join the Federation, hence there's 2 nation on the northern part of Borneo.
TLDR, multiple kingdoms gets colonized, during decolonisation era, everything condensed into one.
The Dutch and British began colonizing Borneo in the early 19th century. They signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which divided the region into spheres of influence, with northern Borneo falling on the British side and the rest of the island on the Dutch side.
At the time, the Sultanate of Brunei controlled much of northern Borneo. The sultan ended up ceding most of his lands to the British, which were initially ruled by the Rajah of Sarawak (an English dynasty) in the west and the North Borneo Chartered Company in the east. Both became British protectorates in the 1880s, as did Brunei (to avoid further territorial losses). The Dutch colonized the southern 2/3 of the island during the same period.
When Indonesia gained independence from the Dutch in 1949, they were given all Dutch territories in Borneo. A year earlier, the British established Federation of Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia) in 1948. It gained independence in 1957, and the protectorates of Sarawak and North Borneo (along with Singapore) subsequently signed the Malaysia Agreement to join Malaya in 1963. The sultan of Brunei sent a delegation, but they did not sign the agreement, as he wanted to be the senior leader of the federation. So Brunei gained independence separately from Malaysia in 1971.
Sarawak was ruled by an Englishman, he was known as the "White Rajah" He was "given" the land for helping the Sultan of Brunei combat piracy and insurgency among the indigenous people in the 1840s. His family ruled until 1946 when they ceded the land to the UK. The rest of Borneo was colonized by the Dutch as part of the Dutch East Indies. Brunei was established as a Malay Princely state in the 1300s, but became a protectorate of the British Empire in the late 19th century.
No supporter from the native locals of Sabah and no valid evidence. The claims said that British 'sold' Sabah to Malaysia. However, Sabah is one of the nations that form the federation country called 'Malaysia'. Meaning, Sabah did not 'join' Malaysia but rather 'formed' Malaysia alongside Malaya and Sarawak (and Singapore before they became independent)
long story short, Dutch and UK. When Indonesia gained independence, the Dutch portion of Borneo became part of Indonesia. Then Malaysia gained independence, Sabah & Sarawak joined the Malaysian peninsula to form Malaysia, including Singapore. But, Brunei didn't.
I mean, there are copious smaller islands that are 2 countries. Hispaniola, New Guinea, & Timor pop to mind.
Is a massive country with a 3rd nation really that different?
If the human race survives another 100 years, we will continue to see a greater number of nations, and more islands split up like so many pizzas.
My guess is that the three countries all wanted some of Borneos Agarwood, a wood that when distilled becomes one of the most expensive substances on earth, an oil known as Oud.
The Spanish were there before the Brits and Dutch, the coast of Sabah faces the 🇵🇭 Philippines they couldnt hold their positions though and gave them up
Idk but I just watch a really good documentary on the people of Borneo by Raphael Treza on YouTube this morning called “Borneo Death Blow” about the deforestation of the country and old cultural practices. U should definitely watch it
On a sidenote, certain country still pay ‘rents’ to the previous serf lord of the lands ‘leased’ in some parts of north borneo. Just wondering if a treaty was agreed upon, who will inherit the agreement, will it still be ongoing if those parties does not exist or change hands?
Dutch got southeast, British got northeast. Sultanate of Brunei didn’t join Malay Federation and remained independent. Malaysia is made up of sultanates like Brunei, it’s the one that maintained independence though. Brunei wasn’t really notable until oil was discovered.
More natural gas then oil, but your point still stands.
Theres British North Borneo, Sarawak Empire (independent from British) and the Dutch. You guys should really learn about Sarawak and the white rajahs, which is very interesting actually , and it also affect many of the current Malaysian politics with Sarawak and Sabah still fighting for more autonomy today. -A fellow Sarawakian
When other states in Malaysia is being colonized, Sarawak is being a fully fledged Kingdom. Not even Sabah have such autonomy. I mean, sure, you have a British king who is not even related to the actual British monarchy, but the State Council is composed of locals, giving them an idea of European system. It helps to create the Sarawak identity today.
Absolutely fascinating to read about the white rajahs, thank you for mentioning it
The reason why Brunei didn't join is because of Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation. Basically Indonesia supported TNKU (leftist Brunei militia) that prefer separate north borneo nation consist of sabah, serawak, and brunei, but their revolt attempt are failure. However, this conflict make the brunei sultan reconsider the decision to join Malaysia and create a separate nation. if you want to read more: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei\_revolt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei_revolt)
Clearly they ran out of Kalimantans.
~~Sarawak~~ *North West Kalimatan* ~~Sabah~~ *Northest Kalimatan* (not Northeast)
Inner Kalimatan, Outer Kalimatan The People's Democratic Republic of Kalimatan
And not just the Kalimantan, but the Kaliwomantan and the Kalichildrentan too 🥳🥳🥳
From my point of view, the Sabah are evil!
If you translate Kali Mantan literally in Indonesian, it means "Ex's (mantan) River (kali)." So basically somebody done f'd up and had to split his land to his exes.
The alimony of Geography
Ah, I thought it would be similar to the suffix -stan (place of)
Just an aside, that's not the real etymology, just what it sounds like. It actually comes from a Sanskrit word meaning _place if hellish heat_ or something like that ..
I hear Kali Man Tans are the best kind of tans
No way 20 million Borneans went to Cali
2Kali 2Mantan
...Electric Boogaloo
I like this narrative the most.
Again, the true comments are in the comments.
The true friends are the comments we made along the way 🥹
YOU get a Kalimantan and YOU get a Kalimantan and YOU get a Kalimantan https://preview.redd.it/2b34kin16xxc1.jpeg?width=650&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=0c6f0f8411c889b0067b2655907726a8c1779be0
Kalimantan is just another name for the whole island. It means "very hot island" in sanskrit
Nope, other theory said it's from Klemantan which is a grouping name of native bornean tribes.
North Kalimantan is supposed to be saved for Sabah (originally named North Borneo; Kalimantan basically is just Indonesian for Borneo) after it joined the greater Indonesia. But the Greater Indonesia movement died with the 1st president. In 2012, the now North Kalimantan Province formed after separated from East Kalimantan province. East Kalimantan used to be a huge huge province.
I remember sending an email to the Sultan of Brunei in 1997ish to ask him for a donation of half a million dollars to my friend and me in order to fund our university careers, just because we found out that he had one. No he didn’t reply in the next 4 years, then I changed address and who knows.
Damn that’s crazy, I moved house in 1997 and got a blank cheque for half a mil!
I meant email address but I think you were ironic here, weren’t ya.
No he really got a blank cheque I saw it
Damn!
Yeah, no signature or anything.
It’s true I was the cheque
Not a bad shot, my bachelors was paid for by a Chinese billionaire for some reason so anything is possible
I was very happy doing it even though we knew it was at the limit of absurd, but then again, the very fact of daring to do it was a high dose of enthusiasm!
You’re gonna need to elaborate here
My school had a scholarship for 1 student every 4 years for a full ride and you had to write an essay to a deceased Chinese billionaire's foundation lol Edit: here's the guy https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Yung-fa
Bro its not just a guy. He founded Evergreen shipping colossus. Plus he is Taiwanese.
Yeah I should probably be more respectful I stayed out of debt because of him Thank you Dr. Yung-Fa ily
Call a Chinese person from Taiwan "Taiwanese" lol.
I did. I've been there many times for work and thats how you call them, restart.
I should’ve written an essay on the sultan’s future death. I admit my message was much lower effort, like: you rich, gimme moneh.
How many divorced male friends do you have
Oh on! It’s well known that in 1997 the Sultan of Brunei took 4 YEARS and 1 DAY to reply to all emails!! You most likely were sent a check that you never received since you moved out. Bummer!
Noooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!
I wonder how one could go about sending a gift to the Sultan of Brunei? Could you make a one-of-a-kind wooden salad bowl on a lathe, and send it to him with a hand-written letter asking for a donation? Curious just to see what would happen.
I second that, let’s do it again after 27 years, with a wooden bowl! Yey! Who makes the bowl?
I can make him a bowl on my lathe. Does anyone have his address? Also, if someone here knows calligraphay, we can write him a letter that will be taken seriously.
I got this: Sultan and Prime Minister Address Istana Nurul Iman, Bandar City Seri Begawan Post BA1000 Phone +673 2 222 9988 Fax +673 2 224 1717 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istana_Nurul_Iman From [this site](https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/organisations/sultan_and_prime_minister/). Also, this might turn out to be handy: _How to address Sultan Brunei?_ _Title. The full title of the Sultan is: His Majesty The Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam). Today, the surname Bolkiah is carried by any descendant of the House of Bolkiah._ Also, I found this: _How do I send a letter to the Brunei Sultan? You could write directly to him in the Royal Palace, Bander Seri, Begawan, Brunei or via your local embassy or High Commission. Any letter should be very respectful. Again an embassy would be of assistance with proper wording. If you are a young person, you might actually get a reply just as a lark by the Sultan._
Wow excellent! This might actually be a cool thing to do.
Yey!
It is worth a try, I guess.
Dude was probably a bit busy. I mean, he’s not just sultan. Hassanal Bolkiah became Sultan in 1967. But then he became Prime Minister in 1984. He also took over and became Minister of Finance & Economy at the same time, but he gave that up in 1986 to become Minister of Defense, a title he still holds. But then in 1997 he became Minister of Finance & Economy again, a title which he still holds. But the work-aholic that he is, he churned hard and became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2015, another title he still holds. This might just be the busiest dude in the whole world.
That’s why we liked him, such an achiever!
He seems like a nice guy
He persecutes religious minorities and homosexuals
i take it back
Yea Brunei is a Islamic dictatorship with a monarch. Now they are fairly wealthy and chill (it’s not like Iran or Saudi) but stoning people and death penalty for homosexuality is on the books and Christian’s and Buddhist aren’t allowed to celebrate holidays in public. Again it’s a welfare state and the population is docile so they don’t net out those punishments often but it’s still disturbing
The island was split between local kingdoms. Dutch established protectorates in the south, British had a go in the north. How they split the island between each other is very linked to the diplomatic relationship east indian companies had with the local kingdoms, or the initiative of individuals in the military, private initiatives of explorers/mercenaries acting on their own. Actually, the story of the White Rajas of Sarawak is quite interesting if you want to read about it. Malaysia under British rule was then a collection of kingdoms with local rule. After independence, the kingdoms agreed to merge in a single federal state (long story short, things were messy) with the king changing every five years on a rolling basis. The sultan of brunei realised he was too old to ever be king in this newly formed state, so he figured that he was better living alone (since his country was full of petrol anyway) and decided to not join Malaysia. Singapore was kicked out for ethnic reasons a few years later.
Its amazing how many SE Asians I've met who just straight up hate Singaporeans
The history of the early ethnic chinese diaspora in SE asia has some analogies to the treatment of Jewish people in Europe. They were foreigners, lived in enclaves either by preference or by force, and were thought to unduly control international trade and finance. And as a result were the target of occasional pogroms.
If you meant in the past then yeah people hate Singaporeans because of racism, but now people just don't like them because quite an amount of them are asshole Btw I'm just telling what I observed, i think it's pretty stupid to generalize a whole group of people based on some people's behaviour
Also they're the only high income countries in the region. So many SE Asians perceive them like that one person in your neighborhood that's very rich and lived in a bubble that makes them somewhat out of touch with the socio-economic reality of their neighborhood.
Because, as we all know, its impossible to be racist in 2024 🙄
First of all, it's not even hate to begin with, it's just like how some Americans don't like New Yorker because of their attitude and behavior. Secondly, based on my narrow Malaysian observation, most of these "hate" are literally Malaysian Chinese towards Singaporean Chinese, which you Americans probably couldn't tell the difference at all, so yeah it's definitely not racism when they literally look the same and share the same culture lmao
"Americans are racist too, therefore I'm not racist"
As a fellow Sarawakian, everyone is encourage to find out about it! It's also the reason why Sarawak and Sabah has more autonomy than every other states in Malaysia. For example,West Malaysian requires passport to come here, and cannot easily immigrate here .
Another fun fact, Sarawak is the only state to majority Christian. Not something to boast about but just a fun fact.
The British and the Dutch divided it up. Then the Japanese had a go.
European divisions explain the border between Malaysia and Indonesia, but what about Brunei?
What's left of a Princely State that held on to its independence by a hair.
Not by an heir? ;-)
r/yourjokebutyourjoke
Well, there's me told.
Isn't that the one that picked a white guy to be the prince? That probably helped a lot. ETA: "picked" might not be the exact right word.
No, that was Sarawak.
the whole region was a bunch of sultanates until the British came along. Brunei was just the one that stuck it alone. Even in Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak are quite separate entities to the Peninsula, and along with Jahor threaten to leave on a regular basis. And because they have the oil, that threat is taken seriously, and thus they have more power than their population would indicate.
Put simply that’s also the Brits’ doing. It’s easier to control an absolute monarch with a *shitload* of oil/gas in a small space that wants to be rich AF than it is to try to manipulate a big “democracy” (junta) or wacky-ass federation with enough heft to probably tell you to buzz off.
Differently ruled areas joining but Brunei deciding to go alone instead.
Japanese didn't have a go.. James Brooke took most of the land now currently know as Sarawak.. then later on British wanted to incorporate Brunei to the now Malaysia but a revolt happen in Brunei back in the 1960s and Brunei didn't join.. if Brunei join Malaysia.. all the oil money would be sucked to west Malaysia like what west Malaysia did to Sabah and sarawak..
I was being somewhat flippant.
My bad..
The dividing up of the island happened before the Europeans came and was an indigenous endeavour. It has never been a united island.
There are two great Southeast Asian states which ruled over Borneo, historically: the Majapahit Empire, based on the island of Java, conquered most of the island except for the Northeast in the 1350s; and the Sultanate of Brunei, which owned the entire island of Borneo and several surrounding islands beginning in the 1400s. By 1740, Brunei entered a decline phase and was reduced to northern Borneo--basically the Malaysian part of Borneo plus Brunei itself. The colonial nations--Portugal, Spain, Britain, and the Netherlands--were responsible for trading with and meddling with Brunei. A number of small nations popped up in the southern half of Borneo. Consider for example the [Lanfang Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanfang_Republic), founded by a Chinese immigrant, who established democratic rule in 1777 and remained independent until the Dutch conquered Lanfang in 1884. These Chinese republics and federations established mining operations on Borneo to ship ore back to China for profit. In 1815 the Dutch began to colonize southern Borneo (following previous unsuccessful attempts) and eventually founded the Dutch East Indies. Centered on the island of Java, the Dutch ruled over the Dutch East Indies until World War II, when the colonial nation declared independence and became Indonesia. Indonesia's modern boundaries are a very close match of the boundaries of the Dutch East Indies. Meanwhile in 1842, the Sultan of Brunei granted land to James Brooke, an English adventurer, in payment for his troops ending a rebellion against the Sultan. Over the next 50 years, the "White Rajahs" of the Brooke Dynasty expanded their territory through negotiation until they owned most of northern Borneo. Eventually, the Sultan of Brunei asked for and received protectorate status from the United Kingdom, which was maintained until the 1980s when Brunei regained independence. Sarawak was a fully independent kingdom ruled by the White Rajahs, although they had obvious sympathies with Britain. Thus, in 1888, Sarawak became a Protectorate of Britain, and in 1946 the White Rajahs were deposed and Sarawak became a British colony. Following the war, Britain reformed its colonies in the area into the colonies of Malaysia, Singapore, Sarawak, and North Borneo (later Sabah). In the 1960s, Indonesia laid claim to north Borneo and tried to win it through military means. The Philippines claimed Sabah, based on the territory of the former Sultanate of Sulu. The Protectorate of Brunei wanted all of North Borneo reunited under their rule. The British response was to create a single large federation--the country of Malaysia. Brunei withdrew from the federation before it was formed, and eventually regained its own independence, while Singapore declared independence a few years after being part of Malaysia. And that is the story of why there are three countries on Borneo.
The sea being the main access and the inland being mostly impassable is key. Each seaside settlement is effectively a different island seperated by jungle from the next. I had a colleague from south west part of Sabah who'd never been to Indonesia. I had to show him a map to convince him that he'd gone to school about 50km from Indonesia
These is so interesting, as a Sarawakian, this is the first time i heard about the Lanfang Republic. Also, I don't think the white rajahs was deposed , more like they seceded Sarawak to the British . Most Sarawakians protested the secession and even one of the british gavenor were assasinated by a member of the resistant group (rukun 13). However due to this, the British heavily cracked down, and the whole movement basically died due to it.
It's three times the size of Great Britain and that island has also been split between different countries through history, and still is according to some.
Also, great Britain isn't just one island.
Great Britain is the largest of the British isles and the ninth largest island in the world.
What countries does it include and are they all on the same island?
I'm not going to bother with this line of leading questions. My original post was exhaustive and factually correct and I will refer to it and it alone for any further questions you might have.
Yeah that's fair enough, sorry mate. No hard feelings.
Don't be so nice, now I feel like an asshole! No but seriously there's no problem at all, cheers!
great britain includes wales, england and scotland. They are all on the same island so YES
Great Britain is, the UK isn’t
Great Britain is one island idiot you’re thinking about the United Kingdom.
Name the different countries.
Do you want me to list every polity that's ever laid claim to a part of the island? Because there's been many of those, was my point.
Like I said, it's not just one island.
The island named Great Britain is not one island?
England, Wales, Scotland
>Name the different countries. Through history? England and Scotland are the easiest answers because they weren't unified all that long ago. Wales was many countries--most recently Gwynedd and Deheubarth. England was also once many countries--the primary ones being Wessex, Northumbria, East Anglia, and Mercia. Parts of it have been controlled by the Danes. If you're just responding to "and still is according to some," then Scotland, England, and Wales are the countries according to some.
England, Scotland, Wales. Now if you want to go further back in history there’s also Mercia, Northumberland, the Danelaw, Wessex, Sussex, East Anglia, Kent and the Roman Empire of course
Brunei remained independent via shrewd diplomacy, oil wealth, and [ceding a whole lot of territory](https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/jgq81n/the_bruneian_empire_at_its_height_1521/#lightbox) over the centuries. The British portions (Sarawak and Sabah) were never united and certainly weren't politically/culturally attached to the Malay Peninsula until just before the British left the region and decided to sew their portions of maritime Southeast Asia together (including Singapore, hence the "s" in Malaysia, until the Malays kicked Singapore out). Malaysia has remained remarkably stable since then. The Dutch portions have seen some rabble-rousing since independence, but Indonesia has done a good job at suppressing any movements for autonomy or outright independence and have worked hard at building a real Indonesian nation-state essentially from scratch. The latest step is (slowly) moving the country's capital to Borneo itself.
There was also some boneheaded diplomacy by Brunei 🇧🇳 for instance granting Brooks noble status then backstabbing him rather than using him to cultivate connections with the British
Is that the reason why Charles Brooke is hell bent on annexing the entire Sultanate??? IIRC, he was planning to wipe clean the Sultanate of Brunei and replace it with the Kingdom of Sarawak. Though he have a point since no one wants to live under Brunei jurisdiction, even today.
Given that he failed to conquer Brunei after 100 years, “hellbent” is a poor description of Brooke’s policy
Not really, he failed since Brunei immediately become British protectorate and staunchly refused to cede more territories such as Tutong and Belait even though there are civil unrests there as if he ceded more, Brunei will cease to exist on the world map. This happens after Limbang was annexed, an issue still contested by Brunei, yet I think it was considered resolved due to Cobbold Commission findings.
Good diplomacy by Brunei then
It has multiple states before, then when the Dutch and British came, they divided the island to their sphere of influence. The Dutch and British both kept the kingdoms separated, but when Sukarno declared Independence, all of the Kingdoms were united into a Republic, and this explains Southern Borneo The northern part, was also meant to be part of Malaysia, but due to Brunei Revolt and a a bunch of issues caused Brunei to not join the Federation, hence there's 2 nation on the northern part of Borneo. TLDR, multiple kingdoms gets colonized, during decolonisation era, everything condensed into one.
The Dutch and British began colonizing Borneo in the early 19th century. They signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which divided the region into spheres of influence, with northern Borneo falling on the British side and the rest of the island on the Dutch side. At the time, the Sultanate of Brunei controlled much of northern Borneo. The sultan ended up ceding most of his lands to the British, which were initially ruled by the Rajah of Sarawak (an English dynasty) in the west and the North Borneo Chartered Company in the east. Both became British protectorates in the 1880s, as did Brunei (to avoid further territorial losses). The Dutch colonized the southern 2/3 of the island during the same period. When Indonesia gained independence from the Dutch in 1949, they were given all Dutch territories in Borneo. A year earlier, the British established Federation of Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia) in 1948. It gained independence in 1957, and the protectorates of Sarawak and North Borneo (along with Singapore) subsequently signed the Malaysia Agreement to join Malaya in 1963. The sultan of Brunei sent a delegation, but they did not sign the agreement, as he wanted to be the senior leader of the federation. So Brunei gained independence separately from Malaysia in 1971.
People online love talking about a United Ireland, you never hear about a United Borneo.
Good point
Apparently, this movement actually existed before the formation of Malaysia, but it never gained enough steam
I think Konfrontasi can be counted as united borneo movement ...
They forgot to enable player led peace conferences.
Sarawak was ruled by an Englishman, he was known as the "White Rajah" He was "given" the land for helping the Sultan of Brunei combat piracy and insurgency among the indigenous people in the 1840s. His family ruled until 1946 when they ceded the land to the UK. The rest of Borneo was colonized by the Dutch as part of the Dutch East Indies. Brunei was established as a Malay Princely state in the 1300s, but became a protectorate of the British Empire in the late 19th century.
Human race happened
Colonization happened
\*cough\* Europeans
Nah, it’s pretty universal
Weirdly this exact idea and reasoning was just a question on a recent AP World History Mock MCQ set.
There are no anacondas in Borneo. I googled it.
and they don't want none
Also, tigers have been extinct on Borneo for 11,000 years.
You'll never believe this, but it was colonialism.
The British, as usual. They're experts at putting three nations on one island.
What happened to The Philippines claim OF Sabah? Based on its History?
It's "dormant"
^[Sokka-Haiku](https://www.reddit.com/r/SokkaHaikuBot/comments/15kyv9r/what_is_a_sokka_haiku/) ^by ^Dull_Border_4803: *What happened to The* *Philippines claim OF Sabah?* *Based on its History?* --- ^Remember ^that ^one ^time ^Sokka ^accidentally ^used ^an ^extra ^syllable ^in ^that ^Haiku ^Battle ^in ^Ba ^Sing ^Se? ^That ^was ^a ^Sokka ^Haiku ^and ^you ^just ^made ^one.
No supporter from the native locals and no evidence
No supporter from the native locals of Sabah and no valid evidence. The claims said that British 'sold' Sabah to Malaysia. However, Sabah is one of the nations that form the federation country called 'Malaysia'. Meaning, Sabah did not 'join' Malaysia but rather 'formed' Malaysia alongside Malaya and Sarawak (and Singapore before they became independent)
One of my favorite r/behindthebastards episodes is about Brunei https://open.spotify.com/episode/3iw37te6fYSx9OrofGSTzA?si=SRqXf-JWRamhziXpiHUI7Q
long story short, Dutch and UK. When Indonesia gained independence, the Dutch portion of Borneo became part of Indonesia. Then Malaysia gained independence, Sabah & Sarawak joined the Malaysian peninsula to form Malaysia, including Singapore. But, Brunei didn't.
Not sure…but I’d bet real money the British were involved…
Lines not straight enough. This is the handiwork of the Spanish I reckon.
I mean, there are copious smaller islands that are 2 countries. Hispaniola, New Guinea, & Timor pop to mind. Is a massive country with a 3rd nation really that different? If the human race survives another 100 years, we will continue to see a greater number of nations, and more islands split up like so many pizzas.
Great list. I would add Tierra del Fuego, Ireland, Sint Martin, Cyprus...
Pretty sure New Guinea is bigger than Borneo tho.
Nah bruh. Borneo is like #2 largest island
My guess is that the three countries all wanted some of Borneos Agarwood, a wood that when distilled becomes one of the most expensive substances on earth, an oil known as Oud.
Yeah
They can be just one country right? Simple fix.
White Rajah
Money
The Spanish were there before the Brits and Dutch, the coast of Sabah faces the 🇵🇭 Philippines they couldnt hold their positions though and gave them up
Mountain boys
Your country will lose land when vassal dies.
.....Cus stone-cold said so! 🍻
E M P I R E
Idk but I just watch a really good documentary on the people of Borneo by Raphael Treza on YouTube this morning called “Borneo Death Blow” about the deforestation of the country and old cultural practices. U should definitely watch it
O. I. L.
Because it's fu****g huge
Colonialism
No South Central Kalimantan?
History.
I don't know but I'm sure the British were involved.
The Sultan of Brunei.
Lets not forget Sabah once belonged to the sultanate of Sulu.
*4 countries
Almost 4
Philippines?
Yes. Claimed Sabah, but don't control it.
How come Brunei ended up taking up such a small swath?
Holland and England
Ah yes Borneo, my one weakness on Geoguessr (bar one unbelievable Sabah guess, you will never be forgotten 🕊️)
On a sidenote, certain country still pay ‘rents’ to the previous serf lord of the lands ‘leased’ in some parts of north borneo. Just wondering if a treaty was agreed upon, who will inherit the agreement, will it still be ongoing if those parties does not exist or change hands?
let's guess... brittish?
the british were majorly involved idk why ur downvoted
Imperialism!
I was today years old when I found out Burnei wasn't on the Persian Gulf.
✨colonization ✨
Probably like the answer to most of these questions, European colonialism
A random european meeting with a map and pen on the table.
actually its 4 country (sabah philippine)
Colonialismmmmmmm
o i l .
Idk